UFSTANDARDLM0RM78PL285MM  MDBUTRANSLATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAMME : ENGLISH TO AFRIKAANSMDNM    SZ8PTAugust 31, 1987SZ12PT
                                                                              IP0,4FS1

---------------------------


1.  The programme runs only under XyWRITE version 3 and later versions. FN1  If you use Displaywrite, see the comment at the end of this document.  It is relatively slow.  Translating a 2,5k file takes approximately fifteen minutes on an Olivetti M24 (8086 processor running at 8 Mhz).  An 80k file takes approximately 3 hours.  Let it run overnight when translating a long file.                                                                        
                                                                              IP0,7  
2.  Do the following in order to translate a file from English into Afrikaans:   
                                                                                 
    a. Load XyWrite 3                                                            
    b. Put the translation disk in Drive A:                                      
    c. Call the file you want translated and then run the translator as follows:                                                                     
       MDNM                                                                       IP7,7  
MDBO<F5>MDNM                                                                      
MDBOrun a:translat.etaMDNM                              MDBO                MDNM          
MDBO<return>MDNMMDNM                                                                  
                                                                          
On a hard disk copy the entire disk to a directory and then:              
                                                                          
                                         MDBO<F5>                             
                                         run translat.hrd                 
                                         <return>MDNM                         
                                                                       IP 
3.  The programme works as follows:                                                                             
                                                                              IP4,4 
The file to be translated is stored as "TRANSLAT.AFR", all nine windows are cleared and the file is called back again.  (Note that the programme uses all nine windows.  Text in windows other than the current window will be lost unless you store them before running the translation programme.  The programme also uses its own specialised savegets, which will overwrite yours.  In the interests of speed, the display is also modified.  These changes may be reset by simply running your own STARTUP.INT file again after translation has been completed.)                                       
  
The screen is set to expanded mode, in order to show all hidden XyWRITE commands.                                                                    
                                                                             
Words are separated from symbols such as carriage returns, commas, fullstops, brackets and embedded XyWRITE commands.                           
                                                                             
The dictionary files are loaded (from drive A: on a floppy system) and translation is done on a word for word basis, using the CHANGE INVISIBLE (CI) command.                                                                
                                                                             PG
After the translation is completed, symbols such as commas, fullstops, brackets and XyWRITE commands are shifted back to where they were.           
                                                                             
Most translated words are now in lower case.  Upper case is restored where applicable and the file is stored on the default drive as "TRANSLAT.AFR".    
                                                                          IP0,4  
4.  Since the programme translates mostly on a word-for-word basis, the grammar of the resulting translation is usually poor, depending on the style and content of the original.                                                 
                                                                                 
5.  Alternative translated words are sometimes given and are separated by #.  For example, MDBOaccountingMDNM would be translated as MDBOboekhouding#rekeningkundeMDNM.    
                                                                                 
6.  Verbs are often placed at the end of sentences in Afrikaans.  In order to give the user the final choice, some verbs are translated where they occur within a sentence, but are MDULduplicatedMDNM MDNMat the end of the sentence.  Delete the misplaced word when you edit the translated file.                        
                                                                                 
7.  The programme will perform 40 translations before renewal is necessary.      

8.  A customization service is available.  This includes modifying the existing dictionaries according to your requirements, or creating new dictionaries for translation from any language to one or more other languages.  Enquiries should be addressed to:                                   
                                                                              IP4,4 
Valmond Ghyoot               Telephone (012) 429 4457 mornings               
P.O. Box 167                           (011) 953 3442 afternoons             
1745 Rant en Dal                                                             
South Africa                 August 31, 1987                                 
                                                                             
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MDBUINSTRUCTIONS FOR MODIFYING THE DICTIONARIESMDNM                                 
                                                                                
The programme file is called translat.eta (floppy disk version - translat.hrd on a hard disk).  You should not modify this file.                  
                                                                                        
The two DISP files set the display to achieve greater speed.                                                        
                                                                               
The English to Afrikaans dictionaries may be modified.  They are:           
                                                                                
    Trandict.eac  > Place phrases unique to your subject area here        
    Trandict.ea0  > Place other specialised words and phrases here        
    Trandict.ea1                                                               
    Trandict.ea2                                                               
    Trandict.ea3                                                               
    Trandict.ea4  > These dictionaries contain common words                
    Trandict.ea5                                                               
    Trandict.ea6                                                               
    Trandict.ea7                                                               
    Trandict.eav  > This dictionary contains verbs that are duplicated    
                      at the end of a sentence when they are replaced.      
                                                                               
The programme assumes that these dictionary files are in Drive A: on a floppy system.                                                                                                 
                                                                                
Within any dictionary file, an English word or its translated equivalent may be changed by simply calling the file and editing it normally from within XyWRITE.  Take care not to disturb the programme instructions, spaces, slashes (/), the marker () at the start of each Afrikaans word, or the marker () that separates alternative Afrikaans words.  The dictionary files are sorted in alphabetic sequence.  Take care not to disturb this.                                                                       
                                                                                
The following are examples of translation instructions, using the CI (change invisible command):                                                             
                                                                                
MDBOBC ci / MDNMabbreviatedMDBO / MDNMMDBOMDNMafgekortMDBO /MDNM
MDBOBC ci / MDNMabilitiesMDBO / MDNMMDBOMDNMvermoensMDBO /MDNM
                                                                  
                Do not disturb spaces, slashes (MDBO/MDNM) or marker (MDBOMDNM)               
                                                                               
   Do not disturb these programme instructions and spaces.  They                
   appear only in TRANDICT.EAC and TRANDICT.EA0 .  The other dictionaries       
   contain words, slashes (MDBO/MDNM) spaces and (MDBOMDNM) only, as in the following          
   examples:                                                                    
                                                                                
MDNMabbreviatedMDBO / MDNMMDBOMDNMafgekortMDBO /MDNM
MDNMabilitiesMDBO / MDNMMDBOMDNMvermoensMDBO /MDNM
                                                                            
If an English word translates into an Afrikaans phrase, the instructions appears as follows:                                                         
                                                                            
failing MDBO/ MDNMMDBOMDNMteMDBOMDNMMDBO MDNMmislukMDBO /MDNM
                                                                            
When an alternative Afrikaans word is given, the instruction appears as follows:  Ŀ                                                       
                                                                           
familiar MDBO/MDNM MDBOMDNMvertroudMDBOMDNMbekend MDBO/MDNM
                                                                          
                   > This marker is replaced by MDBO#MDNM in the         
                               completed translation.                      
                                                                           
           > This marker is removed from the             
                                completed translation.                      
                                                                            
                                                                            
All the dictionary files may be changed or expanded.  In order to add new words to a dictionary, copy any line downwards as many times as needed and then insert or overtype your own words, taking care not to disturb the syntax of the command.                                                      
                                                                            
MDBOTRANDICT.EACMDNM runs before the other dictionaries.  It is the most specialized, and is used to customize the translation process for your particular application.  Include your own specialised words, or even phrases, with their translated equivalents here.  Your specialised translation will then replace the more general translations contained in Dictionaries 0 to 7.     
                                                                            
MDBOTRANDICT.EA0MDNM runs next.  It contains exceptions which would be translated incorrectly by the standard dictionaries.                                      
                                                                            
MDBOTRANDICT.EA1 through TRANDICT.EA7MDNM contain common words, sorted alphabetically and then divided between the 7 dictionaries.  When adding words to these dictionaries, the alphabetic arrangement must be observed, otherwise the new words will not be used by the programme.                                    
                                                                            
MDBOTRANDICT.EAVMDNM contains certain verbs that should probably occur at the end of the sentence in Afrikaans.  Should you add words to this file, delete these words from the relevant common word dictionary (dictionaries 1 through 7).  If this is not done, the verb will not be placed at the end of a sentence.                                                              

                                                                            
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MDBUINSTRUCTIONS FOR DISPLAYWRITE USERSMDNM                                         
                                                                            
Displaywrite files may be converted to and from XyWrite format by using the XyWrite-provided D2X.EXE and X2D.EXE files.  Formatting will be preserved.                                                                  
                                                                            
TO CONVERT TO XYWRITE:                                                      
                                                                            
At the MSDOS prompt, type:                                                  
                           D2X yourfilename                                 
                                                                            
TO CONVERT BACK TO DISPLAYWRITE:                                            
                                                                            
At the MSDOS prompt, type:                                                  
                           D2X yourfilename                                 
                                                                            
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